关于 node-sass 库在windows下编译错误

今天在拉下来一个前端项目下载依赖时发现总是报 node-sass 这个库相关的错误，具体如下：

npm ERR! code 1
npm ERR! path D:\Java\xingqiu_pull\shortlink\console-vue\node_modules\node-sass
npm ERR! command failed
npm ERR! command C:\WINDOWS\system32\cmd.exe /d /s /c node scripts/build.js
npm ERR! Building: C:\Program Files\nodejs\node.exe D:\Java\xingqiu_pull\shortlink\console-vue\node_modules\node-gyp\bin\node-gyp.js rebuild --verbose --libsass_ext= --libsass_cflags= --libsass_ldflags= --libsass_library=
npm ERR! gyp info it worked if it ends with ok
npm ERR! gyp verb cli [
npm ERR! gyp verb cli   'C:\\Program Files\\nodejs\\node.exe',
npm ERR! gyp verb cli   'D:\\Java\\xingqiu_pull\\shortlink\\console-vue\\node_modules\\node-gyp\\bin\\node-gyp.js',
npm ERR! gyp verb cli   'rebuild',
npm ERR! gyp verb cli   '--verbose',
npm ERR! gyp verb cli   '--libsass_ext=',
npm ERR! gyp verb cli   '--libsass_cflags=',
npm ERR! gyp verb cli   '--libsass_ldflags=',
npm ERR! gyp verb cli   '--libsass_library='
npm ERR! gyp verb cli ]
npm ERR! gyp info using node-gyp@8.4.1
npm ERR! gyp info using node@20.12.2 | win32 | x64
npm ERR! gyp verb command rebuild []
npm ERR! gyp verb command clean []
npm ERR! gyp verb clean removing "build" directory
npm ERR! gyp verb command configure []
npm ERR! gyp verb find Python Python is not set from command line or npm configuration
npm ERR! gyp verb find Python Python is not set from environment variable PYTHON
npm ERR! gyp verb find Python checking if "python3" can be used
npm ERR! gyp verb find Python - executing "python3" to get executable path
npm ERR! gyp verb find Python - "python3" is not in PATH or produced an error
npm ERR! gyp verb find Python checking if "python" can be used
npm ERR! gyp verb find Python - executing "python" to get executable path
npm ERR! gyp verb find Python - executable path is "E:\MyAPP\AI\python.exe"
npm ERR! gyp verb find Python - executing "E:\MyAPP\AI\python.exe" to get version
npm ERR! gyp verb find Python - version is "3.12.4"
npm ERR! gyp info find Python using Python version 3.12.4 found at "E:\MyAPP\AI\python.exe"
npm ERR! gyp verb get node dir no --target version specified, falling back to host node version: 20.12.2
npm ERR! gyp verb command install [ '20.12.2' ]
npm ERR! gyp verb install input version string "20.12.2"
npm ERR! gyp verb install installing version: 20.12.2
npm ERR! gyp verb install --ensure was passed, so won't reinstall if already installed
npm ERR! gyp verb install version is already installed, need to check "installVersion"
npm ERR! gyp verb got "installVersion" 9
npm ERR! gyp verb needs "installVersion" 9
npm ERR! gyp verb install version is good
npm ERR! gyp verb get node dir target node version installed: 20.12.2
npm ERR! gyp verb build dir attempting to create "build" dir: D:\Java\xingqiu_pull\shortlink\console-vue\node_modules\node-sass\build
npm ERR! gyp verb build dir "build" dir needed to be created? Yes
npm ERR! gyp verb find VS msvs_version not set from command line or npm config
npm ERR! gyp verb find VS VCINSTALLDIR not set, not running in VS Command Prompt
npm ERR! gyp verb find VS checking VS2022 (17.12.35527.113) found at:
npm ERR! gyp verb find VS "D:\Visual Studio"
npm ERR! gyp verb find VS - found "Visual Studio C++ core features"
npm ERR! gyp verb find VS - found VC++ toolset: v143
npm ERR! gyp verb find VS - missing any Windows SDK
npm ERR! gyp verb find VS could not find a version of Visual Studio 2017 or newer to use
npm ERR! gyp verb find VS looking for Visual Studio 2015
npm ERR! gyp verb find VS - not found
npm ERR! gyp verb find VS not looking for VS2013 as it is only supported up to Node.js 8
npm ERR! gyp ERR! find VS
npm ERR! gyp ERR! find VS msvs_version not set from command line or npm config
npm ERR! gyp ERR! find VS VCINSTALLDIR not set, not running in VS Command Prompt
npm ERR! gyp ERR! find VS checking VS2022 (17.12.35527.113) found at:
npm ERR! gyp ERR! find VS "D:\Visual Studio"
npm ERR! gyp ERR! find VS - found "Visual Studio C++ core features"
npm ERR! gyp ERR! find VS - found VC++ toolset: v143
npm ERR! gyp ERR! find VS - missing any Windows SDK
npm ERR! gyp ERR! find VS could not find a version of Visual Studio 2017 or newer to use
npm ERR! gyp ERR! find VS looking for Visual Studio 2015
npm ERR! gyp ERR! find VS - not found
npm ERR! gyp ERR! find VS not looking for VS2013 as it is only supported up to Node.js 8
npm ERR! gyp ERR! find VS
npm ERR! gyp ERR! find VS **************************************************************
npm ERR! gyp ERR! find VS You need to install the latest version of Visual Studio
npm ERR! gyp ERR! find VS including the "Desktop development with C++" workload.
npm ERR! gyp ERR! find VS For more information consult the documentation at:
npm ERR! gyp ERR! find VS https://github.com/nodejs/node-gyp#on-windows  
npm ERR! gyp ERR! find VS **************************************************************
npm ERR! gyp ERR! find VS
npm ERR! gyp ERR! configure error
npm ERR! gyp ERR! stack Error: Could not find any Visual Studio installation to use
npm ERR! gyp ERR! stack     at VisualStudioFinder.fail (D:\Java\xingqiu_pull\shortlink\console-vue\node_modules\node-gyp\lib\find-visualstudio.js:122:47)
npm ERR! gyp ERR! stack     at D:\Java\xingqiu_pull\shortlink\console-vue\node_modules\node-gyp\lib\find-visualstudio.js:75:16
npm ERR! gyp ERR! stack     at VisualStudioFinder.findVisualStudio2013 (D:\Java\xingqiu_pull\shortlink\console-vue\node_modules\node-gyp\lib\find-visualstudio.js:363:14)
npm ERR! gyp ERR! stack     at D:\Java\xingqiu_pull\shortlink\console-vue\node_modules\node-gyp\lib\find-visualstudio.js:71:14
npm ERR! gyp ERR! stack     at D:\Java\xingqiu_pull\shortlink\console-vue\node_modules\node-gyp\lib\find-visualstudio.js:384:16
npm ERR! gyp ERR! stack     at D:\Java\xingqiu_pull\shortlink\console-vue\node_modules\node-gyp\lib\util.js:54:7
npm ERR! gyp ERR! stack     at D:\Java\xingqiu_pull\shortlink\console-vue\node_modules\node-gyp\lib\util.js:33:16
npm ERR! gyp ERR! stack     at ChildProcess.exithandler (node:child_process:430:5)
npm ERR! gyp ERR! stack     at ChildProcess.emit (node:events:518:28)
npm ERR! gyp ERR! stack     at maybeClose (node:internal/child_process:1105:16)
npm ERR! gyp ERR! System Windows_NT 10.0.22631
npm ERR! gyp ERR! command "C:\\Program Files\\nodejs\\node.exe" "D:\\Java\\xingqiu_pull\\shortlink\\console-vue\\node_modules\\node-gyp\\bin\\node-gyp.js" "rebuild" "--verbose" "--libsass_ext=" "--libsass_cflags=" "--libsass_ldflags=" "--libsass_library="
npm ERR! gyp ERR! cwd D:\Java\xingqiu_pull\shortlink\console-vue\node_modules\node-sass
npm ERR! gyp ERR! node -v v20.12.2
npm ERR! gyp ERR! node-gyp -v v8.4.1
npm ERR! gyp ERR! not ok
npm ERR! Build failed with error code: 1
解析

几次反复修改发现是自己的电脑上把 Visual Studio 环境给卸载了，而这 node-sass 库则需要 C++ 桌面环境和 Visual Studio 环境，所以先补了 VS 环境和 C++ 所有桌面开发包，然后运行 npm install 去安装依赖，但是仍然报如上错误，最后排查发现是没有 node-sass 脚本的执行权限

最后使用管理员模式启动 Powershell 执行如下命令